Mama Rose

[dayle928]

I was wondering if anyone knows whether or not Mama Rose is still living and what is her relationship with Otis. I read somewhere that she had sued him and the production company because they protrayed melvin's death incorrectly in the miniseries

[Trebo12]

Good question Dayle, I want to know too. I thought I heard the same thing...

[Temptress]

I read on a website wheres someone had interviewed her last year. I am not sure where I read it but when I find it I'll let you

[MissTara]

Pursuant to Sixth Circuit Rule 206

ELECTRONIC CITATION: 2001 FED App. 0345P (6th Cir.)

File Name: 01a0345p.06

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

_________________

Cheryl Ruffin-Steinback, Individually and in her capacity as Personal Representative of the Estate of Davis E. Ruffin, p/k/a David Ruffin; Nedra Ruffin; Kimberly Bogan; David Ruffin, Jr.; Estate of Earline Ruffin; Josephine Miles; Rose Franklin,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

Suzanne dePasse; dePasse Entertainment; Otis Williams, "Temptations"; Shelly Burger; National Broadcasting Company, Inc.; David Picker; Hallmark Entertainment, Individuals and corporations, jointly and severally,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 00-1260

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Eastern District of Michigan at Detroit.

Nos. 99-70513; 99-70514; 99-70515; 99-71088--John Feikens, District Judge.

Argued: August 8, 2001

Decided and Filed: September 28, 2001

Before: SUHRHEINRICH and SILER, Circuit Judges; HOOD, District Judge.(*)

_________________

COUNSEL

ARGUED: Gregory J. Reed, GREGORY J. REED & ASSOCIATES, Detroit, Michigan, for Appellants. Herschel P. Fink, HONIGMAN, MILLER, SCHWARTZ & COHN, Detroit, Michigan, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Gregory J. Reed, GREGORY J. REED & ASSOCIATES, Detroit, Michigan, for Appellants. Herschel P. Fink, Cynthia G. Thomas, HONIGMAN, MILLER, SCHWARTZ & COHN, Detroit, Michigan, Gregory M. Kopacz, DYKEMA GOSSETT, PLLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, for Appellees.

_________________

OPINION

_________________

JOSEPH M. HOOD, District Judge. Plaintiffs appeal the district court's dismissal of their claims in this tort action based on the airing of a mini-series about the Temptations. For the reasons which follow, we AFFIRM.

I. INTRODUCTION

In November of 1998, National Broadcasting Company ("NBC") aired a four-hour mini-series depicting the Temptations as recounted in a novel written by Otis Williams, a founding member of the legendary recording group. Plaintiffs in this action include Cheryl Ruffin-Steinback, individually and as representative of the estate of Davis E. Ruffin, lead singer of the group from 1964 to 1968 who was known professionally as David Ruffin; Nedra Ruffin, Kimberly Bogan, and David Ruffin, Jr., the children of Davis Ruffin; Earline Ruffin, the mother of Davis Ruffin; Rose Franklin, the mother of Melvin Franklin, a member of the group; Josephine Miles, the first wife of Otis Williams; and Johnnie Mae Mathews, the first agent of the Temptations.(1)

Plaintiffs have appealed only their state law tort claims for violation of the right of publicity, unjust enrichment, defamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress against Defendants dePasse Entertainment, NBC, David Picker, and Hallmark Entertainment, Inc. Defendants Suzanne dePasse, Otis Williams, Shelly Berger, and Characters Unlimited were never served with the complaint and have been dismissed from this case.

II. ISSUES

(1) Whether the district court properly dismissed plaintiffs' claims for violation of their rights of publicity or commercial appropriation as a matter of law.

(2) Whether the district court properly found plaintiffs' claims of unjust enrichment insufficient as a matter of law.

(3) Whether the district court properly found Earline Ruffin's claim of defamation failed to survive her death as a matter of law.

(4) Whether the district court properly found the Ruffin plaintiffs' claims of intentional infliction of emotional distress were insufficient as a matter of law.

III. BACKGROUND

The mini-series at issue in this case relates the story of the Temptations from the group's beginning until the present and is based on a novel written by Otis Williams. It details portions of the lives of its members, their families, and those having business relationships with the Temptations. Only Williams was compensated for the mini-series, and the plaintiffs allege that any use of their likenesses through actor portrayals was without their permission. The airing was so successful that video cassettes of the mini-series were available for purchase or rental.

Plaintiffs filed three complaints in Michigan state court, and the action was removed by defendants to federal court.(2) The Ruffins' complaint objected to the depiction of David Ruffin's final moments in the mini-series in which his beaten body was thrown from a moving car in front of a hospital where he dies. According to the mini-series, his body remained unclaimed in a morgue for a week after his death. Plaintiffs state that he was taken to the hospital by a limousine and was escorted to the waiting area by his driver who informed the attendants of his identity. The Ruffin children further state that his body was claimed by one of them within a few days after his death. The children also object to the portrayal of David Ruffin in the mini-series as single and childless while all the other members of the Temptations were shown with wives and children. Earline Ruffin alleges she was falsely portrayed as a prostitute because David Ruffin's character indicated that he was given to a pimp by his mother to settle a debt.(3)

Rose Franklin disputes the manner in which the mini-series depicted the final days of her son, Melvin. She states that rather than being confined to a wheelchair and dying in her home, her son died in his sleep at his home in California.

Josephine Miles disagrees with the way the mini-series portrayed her ex-husband Otis Williams as a better father and husband than he was. She feels this gives her less credit for the raising of their son. She also objects to the implication that she was involved with another man during her marriage to Williams.

Defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaints pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) which were followed by several hearings wherein the parties submitted documentary evidence in support of their positions. The district court considered this evidentiary material in ruling on some of plaintiffs claims, resulting in dismissal of their claims under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c), the summary judgment standard.

[MissTara]

( continued because post was too long)




V. DISCUSSION

Because this is a diversity action removed from Michigan state court, the district court applied Michigan law to all of plaintiffs' claims except for the defamation claim asserted by Earline Ruffin.

A. Right of publicity

The right of publicity is defined as "an appropriation of one's name or likeness for the defendant's advantage." Carson v. Here's Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc., 698 F.2d 831, 834 (6th Cir. 1983). The purpose of this right is "to protect the commercial interest of celebrities in their identities[,]", id. at 835, as "[t]he famous have an exclusive legal right during life to control and profit from the commercial use of their name and personality[,]" id. (quoting Memphis Dev. Found. v. Factors Etc., Inc., 616 F.2d 956, 957 (6th Cir. 1980)).

The district court rejected plaintiffs' claims of violation of their rights of publicity on the basis that depicting one's life-story without his or her permission did not constitute a violation of the right of publicity under Michigan law. See J.A. 141, district court's opinion and order of February 3, 2000, p. 11. At the time of this ruling, the Michigan Supreme Court had not addressed this tort, and the lower Michigan courts had only noted that it was among the types of "invasion of privacy" rights recognized under Michigan law. In drawing this conclusion, the district court relied in part on the Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition which noted in § 47 that use of identity "for the purposes of trade does not ordinarily include the use of a person's identity in news reporting, commentary, entertainment, works of fiction or nonfiction, or in advertising that is incidental to such uses."

The district court also focused on Matthews v. Wozencraft, 15 F.3d 432 (5th Cir. 1994), in which an ex-husband alleged misappropriation of his name and likeness by his ex-wife and a movie studio when events of his life as a police officer, some of which were fictionalized, were sold as movie rights. His claim for violation of his right of publicity was denied by the Fifth Circuit which held that the term "'likeness' does not include general incidents from a person's life, especially when fictionalized. The narrative of an individual's life, standing alone, lacks the value of a name or likeness that the misappropriation tort projects." Id. at 438. A similar claim brought by a former Black Panther against the producers of a film depicting a fictionalized account of his life story was rejected in Seale v. Gramercy Pictures, 949 F.Supp. 331 (E.D. Pa. 1996).

Plaintiffs argue that the district court misinterprets their position and has reduced their claims to the narrow notion that the defendants only depicted their life stories without their consent. They allege that their life stories were not told in the mini-series, but instead their identities were used as colorful props to make Otis Williams's life story more entertaining and appealing. Plaintiffs state that this court's holding in Carson v. Here's Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc. provides them with relief, and that the district court erred by dismissing their claims for failure to state a cause of action.

Defendants assert that the First Amendment defeats plaintiffs' right of publicity claims because the mini-series is a movie concerning a musical group where there is public interest, and is not a commercial advertisement for the sale of goods. Defendants argue that the First Amendment bars claims for right of publicity where the publication is a matter of public interest, and that it has long been settled that "motion pictures are a form of expression protected by the First Amendment." Rogers v. Grimaldi, 695 F.Supp. 112, 116 (S.D.N.Y. 1988).

Defendants note that both the Restatement (Third) and Carson focus on identity appropriation for commercial purposes, which is distinguished from a public interest publication. See Pallas v. Crowley, Milner & Co., 33 N.W.2d 911, 917 (Mich. 1948)(recognizing "a fundamental difference between the use of a person's photographic likeness" for a newsworthy purpose and a commercial use such as an advertisement). Therefore, defendants state that consent or permission from plaintiffs was not required, and plaintiffs have cited no legal authority to support their claims.

There is relatively no case law cited by plaintiffs to support their claims, and their argument under this tort is very weak. The majority of cases which discuss the right of publicity, including Carson from this circuit, focus on the pecuniary interest in one's identity. We conclude that the use of plaintiffs' fictionalized likenesses in a work protected by the First Amendment and the advertizing incidental to such uses did not give rise to a claim for relief under the plaintiffs' rights of publicity for the reasons stated by the district court.

B. Unjust enrichment

Based on the averments in the complaints, the district court found plaintiffs' claims of unjust enrichment to be duplicative or derivative of their right of publicity claims and dismissed them, referencing the reasons given for dismissal of the right of publicity claims. Plaintiffs decline to offer a distinction between the claims and instead refer to their arguments supporting their right of publicity claims as to why the district court erred in granting defendants' motions to dismiss.

A review of the complaints in this case indicates that the allegations under the right of publicity claims and the unjust enrichment claims are duplicative. The Ruffin plaintiffs' complaint even uses the phrase "enrich themselves unjustifiably" in discussing their right of publicity claims. J.A. 94, Ruffins' complaint, p. 11, ¶ 54. Finding no error in the district court's resolution of the plaintiffs' right of publicity claims, we likewise find no error in the district court's treatment of the plaintiffs' claims of unjust enrichment.

C. Defamation

Only Plaintiff Earline Ruffin appeals the dismissal of her claim of defamation. This claim is based on the remark by the actor portraying her son that he was given to a pimp because his mother owed the pimp money. Noting that the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws § 150 cmt. e (1971) suggests that "in the case of multistate publication of defamatory material, plaintiff's domicile will ordinarily be the state with the greatest interest in having its law applied[,]" the district court determined that the law of Mississippi, where Earline Ruffin was domiciled, was applicable to her claim. See J.A. 147, district court's opinion and order of February 3, 2000, p. 17. Mississippi law, as outlined in Catchings v. Hartman, 174 So. 553 (Miss. 1937), does not permit this type of cause of action to survive a plaintiff's death even if the case was filed prior to the death of the plaintiff. Because Earline Ruffin passed away on August 15, 1999, the district court granted defendants' motion to dismiss her claim of defamation.

[MissTara]

(more continued)






The Ruffin plaintiffs disagree, stating that the manner in which David Ruffin's death was depicted was so traumatic for them to watch that they later required medical treatment, and the intentional misrepresentation of his death was outrageous and extreme. Furthermore, plaintiffs allege that the portrayal of Earline Ruffin as a prostitute and an unchaste woman is highly offensive to a reasonable person. Hence, they argue that the dismissal of their claims for intentional infliction of emotional distress was erroneous.(5)

Defendants argue that the mini-series is similar to statements contained in broadcasts and publications which generally do not constitute extreme or outrageous conduct. See Ross v. Burns, 612 F.2d 271, 273-74 (6th Cir. 1980)(finding newspaper's publication of photograph of undercover narcotics officer was not extreme and outrageous); Fry v. Ionia Sentinel-Standard, 300 N.W.2d 687 (Mich. Ct. App. 1980)(finding that an article reporting that the body of plaintiff's husband was removed from a cottage destroyed by fire along with the body of another woman he had been seen with at a local bar was not extreme). They state that the mini-series is similar in nature and therefore not outrageous.(6)

Defendants also argue that Earline Ruffin failed to allege in her complaint that she suffered emotional distress because of her portrayal as a prostitute and therefore her claim was properly dismissed. Even so, the district court considered Earline Ruffin's claim under this theory and determined that defendants' conduct was neither extreme nor outrageous.

Plaintiffs' reply brief cites Meyer v. Nottger, 241 N.W.2d 911 (Iowa 1976), a case they claim contains a scenario similar to the manner in which the mini-series misrepresented David Ruffin's death. Meyer held that a mortician's mishandling of a dead body, including misrepresentations to the bereaved family about the details of the body's state of decomposition, was extreme and outrageous.

We agree with the district court that assuming each of the inaccuracies described in plaintiffs' complaints and submissions is inaccurate in the manner described by plaintiffs, defendants' actions in producing the story written by Otis Williams about the Temptations cannot be considered so extreme in degree as to go beyond all bounds of decency. The district court did not err in granting summary judgment on these claims.

VI. CONCLUSION

Finding the district court did not err in ruling in favor of defendants on plaintiffs' claims of right of publicity, unjust enrichment, defamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress, we AFFIRM. Footnotes

*The Honorable Joseph M. Hood, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Kentucky, sitting by designation.

1 The district court permitted Johnnie Mae Mathews's claims of defamation and false light invasion of privacy to proceed.

2 Josephine Miles and Rose Franklin each filed separate complaints, while the Ruffins filed a joint complaint.

3 Earline Ruffin was a minister's wife and school teacher for forty years. She raised David Ruffin but was not his biological mother.

4 In the district court, the Ruffin plaintiffs argued that the more favorable Michigan law applied because several of Earline Ruffin's prospective heirs were residents of Michigan. The district court held that "uch an interest is too remote to outweigh Mississippi's traditional interest in having its law applied to defamation regarding its residents." J.A. 147, district court's opinion and order of February 3, 2000, p. 19. This argument is not revived on appeal.

5 Neither Josephine Miles nor Rose Franklin appealed the grant of summary judgment on their claims of intentional infliction of emotional distress.

6 The "newsworthy" cases cited by defendants are distinguishable from plaintiffs' circumstances because of the falsity alleged in the mini-series.

[MikeNYC]

I guess it's safe to say Mamma Rose ain't feeling Otis right about now. Think she has any objections to Eddie Kendrick Memorial Park? I don't think she does. How could he do that to his groupmates and "partner"?
Maybe I've been telling the truth all along? Nah.....that can't be it. ;D

[Ivory Fair]

Last time I heard anything about Mama Rose, a friend of mine saw her at O's father's funeral. A time before that they saw her backstage at a concert. That all happened after the above listed case was dismissed. Y'all are welcome to infer into that whatever you like but I know lots of folks that don't like Otis and not a one of them will go hang out with him backstage at a show.

[MikeNYC]

Ivory said:

Last time I heard anything about Mama Rose, a friend of mine saw her at O's father's funeral. A time before that they saw her backstage at a concert. That all happened after the above listed case was dismissed. Y'all are welcome to infer into that whatever you like but I know lots of folks that don't like Otis and not a one of them will go hang out with him backstage at a show.

That still doesn't say much. This just shows how that crappy movie hurt many people. He had no business letting that thing hit the airwaves. It should have been canned.Plus,hearsay at best. That document leaves very little to the imagination. It's very clear how Mamma Rose & The Ruffins feel about that fictional mess called a movie. Unless you are of mind that their feelings don't matter?

[MissTara]

MikeNYC said:

That still doesn't say much. This just shows how that crappy movie hurt many people. He had no business letting that thing hit the airwaves. It should have been canned.Plus,hearsay at best. That document leaves very little to the imagination. It's very clear how Mamma Rose & The Ruffins feel about that fictional mess called a movie. Unless you are of mind that their feelings don't matter?

:hug

[Temptress]

melvin was married right? Isn't Otis his daughters God Father? I didn't see her name mentioned in the Legacy cover. Seems like Everyone in the movie wanted in on the lawsuit. ;D

[ZeldaFScott]

"This just shows how that crappy movie hurt many people ..."

I agree. It not only hurt those who were directly involved in the story, but also those who believe in decency and good taste ... In my opinion, the mini series violated both.

[Temptress]

Why would they just make up David's mother gave him to a pimp? . That wasn't true.

[kalisa2]

Ivory said:

Last time I heard anything about Mama Rose, a friend of mine saw her at O's father's funeral. A time before that they saw her backstage at a concert. That all happened after the above listed case was dismissed. Y'all are welcome to infer into that whatever you like but I know lots of folks that don't like Otis and not a one of them will go hang out with him backstage at a show.

IMO these lawsuits were all about the $$ some folks hoped to garner, not about protecting names or reputations (with the possible exception of Ms. Earline). I won't pass judgements as to right or wrong, because I'm sure that the folks filing the suits felt their deceased loved ones had been ripped off one way or another... but its all about the $$.

(I'm still how Mama Rose felt the depiction of Melvin's passing was in any way worse than the reality, esp. enough to cause compensible emotional distress...)

[Ivory Fair]

And in MY opinion, the only thing the movie violated was the intelligence of those who are dumb enough to believe everything they see on TV.

I'm still how Mama Rose felt the depiction of Melvin's passing was in any way worse than the reality

Surely you are aware that unfortunately in this world there are not-so-decent attorneys who might take the opportunity to proffit from an elderly woman's trust.